（法）柏格森

About the Author

Henri Bergson (1859-1941), the renowned French philosopher, profoundly influenced modern thought with his innovative explorations of time, consciousness, and intuition. Born in Paris to a Polish-Jewish father and English mother, Bergson studied at the École Normale Supérieure and later taught at prestigious institutions like the Collège de France. His philosophy emphasized the fluid nature of reality over mechanistic views, advocating for a vitalist perspective that celebrated creative evolution and the élan vital. Bergson's seminal work, Time and Free Will (originally published as Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience in 1889), challenges traditional notions of time as spatialized, arguing instead for duration as a qualitative multiplicity essential to human freedom and moral life. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927, his ideas resonated across philosophy, literature, and science, inspiring figures from William James to Gilles Deleuze. Bergson's legacy endures in his critique of determinism and affirmation of life's spontaneity.